Tuvalu source: CIA World Factbook 1998 |
Location: Oceania, island group consisting of nine coral atolls in the South Pacific Ocean, about one-half of the way from Hawaii to Australia
Geographic coordinates: 8 00 S, 178 00 E
Map references: Oceania
Area:
total: 26 sq km
land: 26 sq km
water: 0 sq km
Areacomparative: 0.1 times the size of Washington, DC
Land boundaries: 0 km
Coastline: 24 km
Maritime claims:
contiguous zone: 24 nm
exclusive economic zone: 200 nm
territorial sea: 12 nm
Climate: tropical; moderated by easterly trade winds (March to November); westerly gales and heavy rain (November to March)
Terrain: very low-lying and narrow coral atolls
Elevation extremes:
lowest point: Pacific Ocean 0 m
highest point: unnamed location 5 m
Natural resources: fish
Land use:
arable land: 0%
permanent crops: 0%
permanent pastures: 0%
forests and woodland: 0%
other: 100% (1993 est.)
note: Tuvalu's nine coral atolls have enough soil to grow coconuts and support
subsistence agriculture
Irrigated land: NA sq km
Natural hazards: severe tropical storms are usually rare, but, in 1997, there were three cyclones
Environmentcurrent issues: since there are no streams or rivers and groundwater is not potable, all water needs must be met by catchment systems with storage facilities; beachhead erosion because of the use of sand for building materials; excessive clearance of forest undergrowth for use as fuel; damage to coral reefs from the spread of the Crown of Thorns starfish; Tuvalu is very concerned about global increases in greenhouse gas emissions and their effect on rising sea levels, which threaten the country's underground water table
Environmentinternational agreements:
party to: Climate Change, Endangered Species, Marine Dumping, Ozone Layer
Protection, Ship Pollution, Whaling
signed, but not ratified: Biodiversity, Law of the Sea
Population: 10,444 (July 1998 est.)
Age structure:
0-14 years: 35% (male 1,875; female 1,804)
15-64 years: 60% (male 2,980; female 3,290)
65 years and over: 5% (male 226; female 269) (July 1998 est.)
Population growth rate: 1.4% (1998 est.)
Birth rate: 22.6 births/1,000 population (1998 est.)
Death rate: 8.62 deaths/1,000 population (1998 est.)
Net migration rate: 0 migrant(s)/1,000 population (1998 est.)
Sex ratio:
at birth: 1.05 male(s)/female
under 15 years: 1.04 male(s)/female
15-64 years: 0.91 male(s)/female
65 years and over: 0.84 male(s)/female (1998 est.)
Infant mortality rate: 26.23 deaths/1,000 live births (1998 est.)
Life expectancy at birth:
total population: 63.88 years
male: 62.72 years
female: 65.09 years (1998 est.)
Total fertility rate: 3.11 children born/woman (1998 est.)
Nationality:
noun: Tuvaluan(s)
adjective: Tuvaluan
Ethnic groups: Polynesian 96%
Religions: Church of Tuvalu (Congregationalist) 97%, Seventh-Day Adventist 1.4%, Baha'i 1%, other 0.6%
Languages: Tuvaluan, English
Literacy: NA; noteeducation is free and compulsory from ages 6 through 13
Country name:
conventional long form: none
conventional short form: Tuvalu
former: Ellice Islands
Data code: TV
Government type: constitutional monarchy with a parliamentary democracy; began debating republic status in 1992
National capital: Funafuti
Administrative divisions: none
Independence: 1 October 1978 (from UK)
National holiday: Independence Day, 1 October (1978)
Constitution: 1 October 1978
Legal system: NA
Suffrage: 18 years of age; universal
Executive branch:
chief of state: Queen ELIZABETH II of the UK (since 6 February 1952), represented
by Governor General Manuella TULAGA (since NA June 1994)
head of government: Prime Minister Bikenibeu PAENIU (since 23 December 1996) and
Deputy Prime Minister Kokeiya MALUA (since 8 April 1998);
cabinet: Cabinet appointed by the governor general on the recommendation of the
prime minister
elections: the queen is a hereditary monarch; governor general appointed by the
queen on the recommendation of the prime minister; prime minister and deputy prime
minister elected by and from the members of Parliament; election last held 8 April 1998
(next to be held NA 2002)
election results: Bikenibeu PAENIU reelected prime minister by a vote in Parliament
of 10 to 2; Kokeiya MALUA elected deputy prime minister; percent of Parliament
voteNA
Legislative branch: unicameral Parliament or Fale I Fono, also called House of
Assembly (12 seatstwo from each island with more than 1,000 inhabitants, one from
all the other inhabited islands; members elected by popular vote to serve four-year terms)
elections: last held 26-27 March 1998 (next to be held by NA 2002)
election results: percent of voteNA; seatsindependents 12
Judicial branch: eight Island Courts; High Court; notea chief justice visits twice a year to preside over sessions of the High Court
Political parties and leaders: there are no political parties but members of Parliament usually align themselves in informal groupings
International organization participation: AsDB, C (special), ESCAP, Intelsat (nonsignatory user), ITU, Sparteca, SPC, SPF, UNESCO, UPU, WHO, WTrO (applicant)
Diplomatic representation in the US: Tuvalu does not have an embassy in the US
Diplomatic representation from the US: the US does not have an embassy in Tuvalu; the US ambassador to Fiji is accredited to Tuvalu
Flag description: light blue with the flag of the UK in the upper hoist-side quadrant; the outer half of the flag represents a map of the country with nine yellow five-pointed stars symbolizing the nine islands
Economyoverview: Tuvalu consists of a densely populated, scattered group of nine coral atolls with poor soil. The country has no known mineral resources and few exports. Subsistence farming and fishing are the primary economic activities. The islands are too small and too remote for development of a large-scale tourist industry. Government revenues largely come from the sale of stamps and coins and worker remittances. About 1,000 Tuvaluans work in Nauru in the phosphate mining industry. Nauru has begun repatriating Tuvaluans, however, as phosphate resources decline, which will present additional problems for Tuvalu's already stretched economy. Substantial income is received annually from an international trust fund established in 1987 by Australia, NZ, and the UK and supported also by Japan and South Korea. In an effort to reduce its dependence on foreign aid, the government is pursuing public sector reforms, including privatization of some government functions and personnel cuts of up to 7%. Low-lying Tuvalu is particularly vulnerable to any future global warming.
GDP: purchasing power parity$7.8 million (1995 est.)
GDPreal growth rate: 8.7% (1995)
GDPper capita: purchasing power parity$800 (1995 est.)
GDPcomposition by sector:
agriculture: NA%
industry: NA%
services: NA%
Inflation rateconsumer price index: 3.9% (average 1985-93)
Labor force: NA
by occupation: NA
note: people make a living mainly through exploitation of the sea, reefs, and
atolls and from wages sent home by those working abroad (mostly workers in the phosphate
industry and sailors)
Unemployment rate: NA%
Budget:
revenues: $4.3 million
expenditures: $4.3 million, including capital expenditures of $NA (1989 est.)
Industries: fishing, tourism, copra
Industrial production growth rate: NA%
Electricitycapacity: 2,600 kW (1995)
Electricityproduction: 3 million kWh (1995)
Electricityconsumption per capita: NA kWh
Agricultureproducts: coconuts; fish
Exports:
total value: $165,000 (f.o.b., 1989)
commodities: copra
partners: Fiji, Australia, NZ
Imports:
total value: $4.4 million (c.i.f., 1989)
commodities: food, animals, mineral fuels, machinery, manufactured goods
partners: Fiji, Australia, NZ
Debtexternal: $NA
Economic aid:
recipient: ODA, $1.725 million from Australia (FY96/97 est.); $1.7 million from NZ
(FY95/96); note: substantial annual support from an international trust fund
Currency: 1 Tuvaluan dollar ($T) or 1 Australian dollar ($A) = 100 cents
Exchange rates: Tuvaluan dollars ($T) or Australian dollars ($A) per US$11.5281 (January 1998), 1.3439 (1997), 1.2773 (1996), 1.3486 (1995), 1.3667 (1994), 1.4704 (1993)
Fiscal year: calendar year
Telephones: 130 (1983 est.)
Telephone system:
domestic: radiotelephone communications between islands
international: NA
Radio broadcast stations: AM 1, FM 0, shortwave 0
Radios: 4,000 (1993 est.)
Television broadcast stations: 0
Televisions: NA
Railways: 0 km
Highways:
total: 8 km (1996 est.)
paved: NA km
unpaved: NA km
Ports and harbors: Funafuti, Nukufetau
Merchant marine:
total: 14 ships (1,000 GRT or over) totaling 53,220 GRT/83,118 DWT
ships by type: cargo 8, chemical tanker 4, oil tanker 1, passenger-cargo 1 (1997
est.)
Airports: 1 (1997 est.)
Airportswith unpaved runways:
total: 1
1,524 to 2,437 m: 1 (1997 est.)
Military branches: no regular military forces; Police Force (consists of 56 full- and part-time personnel)
Military expendituresdollar figure: $NA
Military expenditurespercent of GDP: NA%
Disputesinternational: none
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