Algeria source: CIA World Factbook 1998 |
Location: Northern Africa, bordering the Mediterranean Sea, between Morocco and Tunisia
Geographic coordinates: 28 00 N, 3 00 E
Map references: Africa
Area:
total: 2,381,740 sq km
land: 2,381,740 sq km
water: 0 sq km
Areacomparative: slightly less than 3.5 times the size of Texas
Land boundaries:
total: 6,343 km
border countries: Libya 982 km, Mali 1,376 km, Mauritania 463 km, Morocco 1,559 km,
Niger 956 km, Tunisia 965 km, Western Sahara 42 km
Coastline: 998 km
Maritime claims:
exclusive fishing zone: 32-52 nm
territorial sea: 12 nm
Climate: arid to semiarid; mild, wet winters with hot, dry summers along coast; drier with cold winters and hot summers on high plateau; sirocco is a hot, dust/sand-laden wind especially common in summer
Terrain: mostly high plateau and desert; some mountains; narrow, discontinuous coastal plain
Elevation extremes:
lowest point: Chott Melrhir -40 m
highest point: Tahat 3,003 m
Natural resources: petroleum, natural gas, iron ore, phosphates, uranium, lead, zinc
Land use:
arable land: 3%
permanent crops: 0%
permanent pastures: 13%
forests and woodland: 2%
other: 82% (1993 est.)
Irrigated land: 5,550 sq km (1993 est.)
Natural hazards: mountainous areas subject to severe earthquakes; mud slides
Environmentcurrent issues: soil erosion from overgrazing and other poor farming practices; desertification; dumping of raw sewage, petroleum refining wastes, and other industrial effluents is leading to the pollution of rivers and coastal waters; Mediterranean Sea, in particular, becoming polluted from oil wastes, soil erosion, and fertilizer runoff; inadequate supplies of potable water
Environmentinternational agreements:
party to: Biodiversity, Climate Change, Desertification, Endangered Species,
Environmental Modification, Law of the Sea, Ozone Layer Protection, Ship Pollution,
Wetlands
signed, but not ratified: Nuclear Test Ban
Geographynote: second-largest country in Africa (after Sudan)
Population: 30,480,793 (July 1998 est.)
Age structure:
0-14 years: 38% (male 5,923,087; female 5,709,614)
15-64 years: 58% (male 8,931,896; female 8,752,014)
65 years and over: 4% (male 542,012; female 622,170) (July 1998 est.)
Population growth rate: 2.14% (1998 est.)
Birth rate: 27.51 births/1,000 population (1998 est.)
Death rate: 5.63 deaths/1,000 population (1998 est.)
Net migration rate: -0.49 migrant(s)/1,000 population (1998 est.)
Sex ratio:
at birth: 1.04 male(s)/female
under 15 years: 1.04 male(s)/female
15-64 years: 1.02 male(s)/female
65 years and over: 0.87 male(s)/female (1998 est.)
Infant mortality rate: 45.44 deaths/1,000 live births (1998 est.)
Life expectancy at birth:
total population: 68.93 years
male: 67.78 years
female: 70.12 years (1998 est.)
Total fertility rate: 3.38 children born/woman (1998 est.)
Nationality:
noun: Algerian(s)
adjective: Algerian
Ethnic groups: Arab-Berber 99%, European less than 1%
Religions: Sunni Muslim (state religion) 99%, Christian and Jewish 1%
Languages: Arabic (official), French, Berber dialects
Literacy:
definition: age 15 and over can read and write
total population: 61.6%
male: 73.9%
female: 49% (1995 est.)
Country name:
conventional long form: Democratic and Popular Republic of Algeria
conventional short form: Algeria
local long form: Al Jumhuriyah al Jaza'iriyah ad Dimuqratiyah ash Shabiyah
local short form: Al Jaza'ir
Data code: AG
Government type: republic
National capital: Algiers
Administrative divisions: 48 provinces (wilayas, singularwilaya); Adrar, Ain Defla, Ain Temouchent, Alger, Annaba, Batna, Bechar, Bejaia, Biskra, Blida, Bordj Bou Arreridj, Bouira, Boumerdes, Chlef, Constantine, Djelfa, El Bayadh, El Oued, El Tarf, Ghardaia, Guelma, Illizi, Jijel, Khenchela, Laghouat, Mascara, Medea, Mila, Mostaganem, M'Sila, Naama, Oran, Ouargla, Oum el Bouaghi, Relizane, Saida, Setif, Sidi Bel Abbes, Skikda, Souk Ahras, Tamanghasset, Tebessa, Tiaret, Tindouf, Tipaza, Tissemsilt, Tizi Ouzou, Tlemcen
Independence: 5 July 1962 (from France)
National holiday: Anniversary of the Revolution, 1 November (1954)
Constitution: 19 November 1976, effective 22 November 1976; revised 3 November 1988, 23 February 1989, and 28 November 1996; notereferendum approving the revisions of 28 November 1996 was signed into law 7 December 1996
Legal system: socialist, based on French and Islamic law; judicial review of legislative acts in ad hoc Constitutional Council composed of various public officials, including several Supreme Court justices; has not accepted compulsory ICJ jurisdiction
Suffrage: 18 years of age; universal
Executive branch:
chief of state: President Liamine ZEROUAL (appointed president 31 January 1994,
elected president 16 November 1995)
head of government: Prime Minister Ahmed OUYAHIA (since 31 December 1995)
cabinet: Council of Ministers appointed by the prime minister
elections: president elected by popular vote for a five-year term; election last
held 16 November 1995 (next to be held NA 2000); prime minister appointed by the president
election results: Liamine ZEROUAL elected president; percent of voteLiamine
ZEROUAL 61.3%
Legislative branch: bicameral Parliament consists of the National People's
Assembly or Al-Majlis Ech-Chaabi Al-Watani (380 seats; members elected by popular vote to
serve four-year terms) and the Council of Nations (144 seats; one-third of the members
appointed by the president, two-thirds elected by indirect vote; members serve six-year
terms; created as a result of the constitutional revision of November 1996)
elections: National People's Assemblylast held 5 June 1997 (next to be held
NA 2001); elections for two-thirds of the Council of Nationslast held 25 December
1997 (next to be held NA 2003)
election results: National People's Assemblypercent of vote by
partyNA%; seats by partyRND 156, MSP 69, FLN 62, Nahda Movement 34, FFS 20,
RCD 19, PT 4, Republican Progressive Party 3, Union for Democracy and Freedoms 1, Liberal
Social Party 1, independents 11; Council of Nationspercent of vote by party - NA%;
seats by partyRND 80, FLN 10, FFS 4, MSP 2 (remaining 48 seats appointed by the
president, party breakdown NA)
Judicial branch: Supreme Court (Cour Supreme)
Political parties and leaders: Islamic Salvation Front (FIS, outlawed April
1992), Ali BENHADJ, Dr. Abassi MADANI, Rabeh KEBIR (self-exile in Germany); National
Liberation Front (FLN), Boualem BENHAMOUDA, secretary general; Socialist Forces Front
(FFS), Hocine Ait AHMED, secretary general (self-exile in Switzerland); Movement of a
Peaceful Society (MSP or Hamas), Mahfoud NAHNAH, chairman; Rally for Culture and Democracy
(RCD), Said SAADI, secretary general; Algerian Renewal Party (PRA), Noureddine BOUKROUH,
chairman; Nahda Movement (Al Nahda), Abdallah DJABALLAH, president; Democratic National
Rally (RND), Abdelkader BENSALAH, chairman; Movement for Democracy in Algeria (MDA), Ahmed
Ben BELLA; Workers Party (PT), Louisa HANOUN; Republican Progressive Party, Khadir DRISS;
Union for Democracy and Freedoms, Mouley BOUKHALAFA; Liberal Social Party, Ahmed KHELIL
note: the government established a multiparty system in September 1989 and, as of
31 December 1990, over 50 legal parties existed; a new party law was enacted in March 1997
International organization participation: ABEDA, AfDB, AFESD, AL, AMF, AMU, CCC, ECA, FAO, G-15, G-19, G-24, G-77, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICFTU, ICRM, IDA, IDB, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, IHO (pending member), ILO, IMF, IMO, Inmarsat, Intelsat, Interpol, IOC, ISO, ITU, NAM, OAPEC, OAS (observer), OAU, OIC, OPEC, OSCE (partner), UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNHCR, UNIDO, UPU, WCL, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WToO, WTrO (applicant)
Diplomatic representation in the US:
chief of mission: Ambassador Ramtane LAMAMRA
chancery: 2118 Kalorama Road NW, Washington, DC 20008
telephone: [1] (202) 265-2800
FAX: [1] (202) 667-2174
Diplomatic representation from the US:
chief of mission: Ambassador Cameron HUME
embassy: 4 Chemin Cheikh Bachir El-Ibrahimi, Algiers
mailing address: B. P. Box 549, Alger-Gare, 16000 Algiers
telephone: [213] (2) 69-11-86, 69-12-55, 69-18-54, 69-38-75
FAX: [213] (2) 69-39-79
Flag description: two equal vertical bands of green (hoist side) and white with a red, five-pointed star within a red crescent; the crescent, star, and color green are traditional symbols of Islam (the state religion)
Economyoverview: The hydrocarbons sector is the backbone of the economy, accounting for roughly 57% of government revenues, 25% of GDP, and almost all export earnings. Algeria has the fifth-largest reserves of natural gas in the world and is the second largest gas exporter; it ranks fourteenth for oil reserves. Algiers' efforts to reform one of the most centrally planned economies in the Arab world began after the 1986 collapse of world oil prices plunged the country into a severe recession. In 1989, the government launched a comprehensive, IMF-supported program to achieve economic stabilization and to introduce market mechanisms into the economy. Despite substantial progress toward economic adjustment, in 1992 the reform drive stalled as Algiers became embroiled in political turmoil. In September 1993, a new government was formed, and one priority was the resumption and acceleration of the structural adjustment process. Burdened with a heavy foreign debt, Algiers concluded a one-year standby arrangement with the IMF in April 1994 and the following year signed onto a three-year extended fund facility. Progress on economic reform, a Paris Club debt rescheduling in 1995, and oil and gas sector expansion have contributed to a recovery since 1995. Investments in developing hydrocarbon resources are likely to maintain growth and export earnings. Continuing but gradual government efforts to attract foreign and domestic investment outside that sector seek to diversify the economy and tackle problems of high unemployment and falling living standards, problems as yet untouched by the macroeconomic turnaround.
GDP: purchasing power parity$120.4 billion (1997 est.)
GDPreal growth rate: 2.5% (1997 est.)
GDPper capita: purchasing power parity$4,000 (1997 est.)
GDPcomposition by sector:
agriculture: 12%
industry: 50%
services: 38% (1995 est.)
Inflation rateconsumer price index: 7% (1997 est.)
Labor force:
total: 7.8 million (1996 est.)
by occupation: government 29.5%, agriculture 22%, construction and public works
16.2%, industry 13.6%, commerce and services 13.5%, transportation and communication 5.2%
(1989)
Unemployment rate: 28% (1997 est.)
Budget:
revenues: $13.7 billion
expenditures: $13.1 billion, including capital expenditures of $5.1 million (1996
est.)
Industries: petroleum, natural gas, light industries, mining, electrical, petrochemical, food processing
Industrial production growth rate: NA%
Electricitycapacity: 6.007 million kW (1995)
Electricityproduction: 19.1 billion kWh (1995)
Electricityconsumption per capita: 630 kWh (1995)
Agricultureproducts: wheat, barley, oats, grapes, olives, citrus, fruits; sheep, cattle
Exports:
total value: $13.1 billion (f.o.b., 1997 est.)
commodities: petroleum and natural gas 97%
partners: Italy 18.8%, US 14.8%, France 11.8%, Spain 8%, Germany 7.9% (1995 est.)
Imports:
total value: $10 billion (f.o.b., 1997 est.)
commodities: capital goods, food and beverages, consumer goods
partners: France 29%, Spain 10.5%, Italy 8.2%, US 8%, Germany 5.6% (1995 est.)
Debtexternal: $33 billion (1997 est.)
Economic aid:
recipient: ODA, $420 million (1996)
Currency: 1 Algerian dinar (DA) = 100 centimes
Exchange rates: Algerian dinars (DA) per US$158.969 (January 1998), 57.707 (1997), 54.749 (1996), 47.663 (1995), 35.059 (1994), 23.345 (1993)
Fiscal year: calendar year
Telephones: 862,000 (1991 est.)
Telephone system:
domestic: good service in north but sparse in south; domestic satellite system with
12 earth stations (20 additional domestic earth stations are planned)
international: 5 submarine cables; microwave radio relay to Italy, France, Spain,
Morocco, and Tunisia; coaxial cable to Morocco and Tunisia; participant in Medarabtel;
satellite earth stations2 Intelsat (1 Atlantic Ocean and 1 Indian Ocean), 1
Intersputnik, and 1 Arabsat
Radio broadcast stations: AM 26, FM 0, shortwave 0
Radios: 6 million (1991 est.)
Television broadcast stations: 18
Televisions: 2 million (1993 est.)
Railways:
total: 4,772 km
standard gauge: 3,616 km 1.435-m gauge (301 km electrified; 215 km double track)
narrow gauge: 1,156 km 1.055-m gauge
Highways:
total: 102,424 km
paved: 70,570 km (including 608 km of expressways)
unpaved: 31,854 km (1995 est.)
Pipelines: crude oil 6,612 km; petroleum products 298 km; natural gas 2,948 km
Ports and harbors: Algiers, Annaba, Arzew, Bejaia, Beni Saf, Dellys, Djendjene, Ghazaouet, Jijel, Mostaganem, Oran, Skikda, Tenes
Merchant marine:
total: 78 ships (1,000 GRT or over) totaling 928,965 GRT/1,094,104 DWT
ships by type: bulk 9, cargo 27, chemical tanker 7, liquefied gas tanker 11, oil
tanker 5, roll-on/roll-off cargo 13, short-sea passenger 5, specialized tanker 1 (1997
est.)
Airports: 136 (1997 est.)
Airportswith paved runways:
total: 50
over 3,047 m: 8
2,438 to 3,047 m: 24
1,524 to 2,437 m: 13
914 to 1,523 m: 4
under 914 m: 1 (1997 est.)
Airportswith unpaved runways:
total: 86
2,438 to 3,047 m: 3
1,524 to 2,437 m: 24
914 to 1,523 m: 40
under 914 m: 19 (1997 est.)
Heliports: 1 (1997 est.)
Military branches: National Popular Army, Navy, Air Force, Territorial Air Defense, National Gendarmerie
Military manpowermilitary age: 19 years of age
Military manpoweravailability:
males age 15-49: 7,949,708 (1998 est.)
Military manpowerfit for military service:
males: 4,871,931 (1998 est.)
Military manpowerreaching military age annually:
males: 347,952 (1998 est.)
Military expendituresdollar figure: $1.3 billion (1994)
Military expenditurespercent of GDP: 2.7% (1994)
Disputesinternational: part of southeastern region claimed by Libya
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